from Paradise Lost (IV.222-44)(1667)
John Milton
Note on line 7: Anyone who has gotten this far in 4B4V will take the trochaic and spondaic substitutions of feet 1 and 2 in stride, and will find feet 4 and 5 unproblematic. The third foot, though, should prompt hesitation: iamb (reinforced by the comma before “and”) or pyrrhic (holding the line to 5 stresses, and taking it easy after the thump of the spondee just before)? It depends how you visualize, or with the blind Milton feel, the hydraulic flow of the waters the line describes. Regular like a pump, or scattered like a cascade? (Coleridge wondered about this too, when dreaming up his own sacred river in “Kubla Khan.”) This passage will confront you with similar choices later, e.g. in line 11.
Note on line 12: “Diverse”: Milton probably stressed the first syllable; you probably stress the second. This seems a good spot to admit some diversity, so long as we all agree the iambic pentameter runs into a little dam just here. (If you haven’t done so already, try clicking on the Caesura button below, to get a graphic sense of the variable rapids and sloughs through which Milton runs the current of his blank verse.)
Note on line 13: Alternative scansions are certainly possible here. Our rules after all say to stress “needs,” a monosyllabic verb; and in deference to that stress “no” might be a slack and the shadowy term “whereof” might go unstressed entirely. But then the resulting scansion, with its pyrrhic second foot and trochaic fourth foot, would be so irregular as to call attention to just what Milton means to dismiss. 4B4V proposes straight iambics instead, which serenely bypass those unnamed “famous Realms” and fasten the imagination instead on Paradise, a realm made by God not man, and infinitely more beautiful.
Note on line 18: The double caesura assigned to this line is admittedly debatable, especially where the clearly punctuated lines 2 and 9 get no caesura at all. As with most subtleties of metrical calibration, these all bespeak a reader’s judgment as to how a given line should sound, which is entwined with judgment as to what a line is saying and doing. Line 18 here is (like the river) paying visits, taking its sweet attentive time. In contrast lines 2 and 9 are (like the river) moving right along: their commas mark a syntactic division rather than a pause in the flow, so there 4B4V prefers to skip the caesura and step it up.
List of Poems
By Title
- A Musical Instrument
- A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
- Adonais (Stanzas 54-55)
- Ah! Sun-flower
- Amoretti 75
- An Essay on Criticism (Excerpt ll. 362-73)
- Anthem for Doomed Youth
- Astrophil and Stella: 31
- Bright Star
- Cary/Morison Ode: The Turn 65-74
- Chorus (from Henry the Fifth III.i.1-17)
- Despayre in Praise of Suicide (Faerie Queene 1.9.39-40)
- Dover Beach
- Dulness’ Apocalypse (The Dunciad 4.627-56)
- Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher
- Echo
- Elegy
- Enoch Arden
- Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to his Royal Highness
- Eternity
- Even Such is Time
- from In Memoriam; section 7
- from The Prelude (I.326-39)
- God’s Grandeur
- He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven
- Heaven-Haven: A Nun Takes the Veil
- Here Dead Lie We
- Holy Sonnet 1
- Holy Sonnet 14
- Hyperion I. 1-14
- I Felt a Funeral in My Brain
- I Look Into My Glass
- Idylls of the King (X.454-76)
- In Neglect
- In Tenebris
- It Is Fashionable Now
- Jabberwocky
- Jordan
- Juliet’s Soliloquy (from Romeo and Juliet III.ii.1-25)
- Kubla Khan
- La Belle Dame sans Merci
- Lear on the Heath (from King Lear III.ii.1-9)
- Life of Life (from Prometheus Unbound II.v.48-71)
- Meeting at Night
- Metrical Feet: Lesson for a Boy
- Mont Blanc ll. 1-11
- Mowing
- My Spirit Will Not Haunt the Mound
- My Sweetest Lesbia
- On His Blindness
- On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet
- Ozymandias
- Paradise Lost (IV. 222-44)
- Pertinax
- Piano
- Prospero Explains (from The Tempest IV.i.148-63)
- Rain
- Renouncement
- Resume
- Rhyme for a Child Viewing a Naked Venus in a Painting of “The Judgment of Paris”
- Roses Are Red
- Sabrina Fair (from Comus) (1634)
- She Dotes on What the Wild Birds Say
- She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
- Since There’s No Help
- Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount
- Snow-Flakes
- Song: Go, Lovely Rose
- Sonnet 18
- Sonnet 29
- Sonnet 73
- Sonnets from the Portuguese #7
- Sudden Light
- Thaw
- The Balloon of the Mind
- The Brain is Wider than the Sky
- The Cold Heaven
- The Eagle
- The Good-Morrow
- The Kraken
- The Lowest Place
- The Night is Freezing Fast
- The Oxen
- The Roundel
- The Sick Rose
- The Sonnet
- The Span of Life
- The Swifts
- The Tyger
- The Voice
- The Windhover
- The Witch
- The Wood Pile
- Though I am Young and Cannot Tell
- To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Nothing
- To Daffodils
- To the Reader of these Sonnets
- Upon Julia’s Clothes
- Westron Wynde
- When a Man Hath No Freedom
By Difficulty
WARMING UP
- A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
- Amoretti 75
- An Essay on Criticism (Excerpt ll. 362-73)
- Cary/Morison Ode: The Turn 65-74
- Despayre in Praise of Suicide (Faerie Queene 1.9.39-40)
- Dover Beach
- Dulness’ Apocalypse (The Dunciad 4.627-56)
- Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher
- Elegy
- Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to his Royal Highness
- Even Such is Time
- Here Dead Lie We
- I Felt a Funeral in My Brain
- I Look Into My Glass
- Jabberwocky
- Meeting at Night
- Mont Blanc ll. 1-11
- My Spirit Will Not Haunt the Mound
- On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet
- Pertinax
- Rhyme for a Child Viewing a Naked Venus in a Painting of “The Judgment of Paris”
- Roses Are Red
- She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
- Snow-Flakes
- Sonnet 18
- Sonnet 29
- The Balloon of the Mind
- The Brain is Wider than the Sky
- The Eagle
- The Kraken
- The Lowest Place
- The Night is Freezing Fast
- The Span of Life
- The Windhover
- The Witch
- To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Nothing
- To Daffodils
- Upon Julia’s Clothes
- Westron Wynde
MOVING ALONG
- A Musical Instrument
- Adonais (Stanzas 54-55)
- Anthem for Doomed Youth
- Astrophil and Stella: 31
- Bright Star
- Chorus (from Henry the Fifth III.i.1-17)
- Enoch Arden
- Eternity
- from In Memoriam; section 7
- from The Prelude (I.326-39)
- He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven
- Heaven-Haven: A Nun Takes the Veil
- Holy Sonnet 1
- Hyperion I. 1-14
- Idylls of the King (X.454-76)
- In Neglect
- In Tenebris
- It Is Fashionable Now
- Jordan
- La Belle Dame sans Merci
- Lear on the Heath (from King Lear III.ii.1-9)
- Mowing
- My Sweetest Lesbia
- Ozymandias
- Paradise Lost (IV. 222-44)
- Prospero Explains (from The Tempest IV.i.148-63)
- Rain
- Renouncement
- Resume
- Since There’s No Help
- Song: Go, Lovely Rose
- Sonnet 73
- Sonnets from the Portuguese #7
- Thaw
- The Good-Morrow
- The Roundel
- The Sick Rose
- The Sonnet
- The Swifts
- The Tyger
- The Wood Pile
- Though I am Young and Cannot Tell
- To the Reader of these Sonnets
- When a Man Hath No Freedom
SPECIAL CHALLENGE
- Ah! Sun-flower
- Echo
- God’s Grandeur
- Holy Sonnet 14
- Juliet’s Soliloquy (from Romeo and Juliet III.ii.1-25)
- Kubla Khan
- Life of Life (from Prometheus Unbound II.v.48-71)
- Metrical Feet: Lesson for a Boy
- On His Blindness
- Piano
- Sabrina Fair (from Comus) (1634)
- She Dotes on What the Wild Birds Say
- Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount
- Sudden Light
- The Cold Heaven
- The Oxen
- The Voice
By Type
BALLAD
BLANK VERSE
- Chorus (from Henry the Fifth III.i.1-17)
- Enoch Arden
- from The Prelude (I.326-39)
- Hyperion I. 1-14
- Idylls of the King (X.454-76)
- Juliet’s Soliloquy (from Romeo and Juliet III.ii.1-25)
- Lear on the Heath (from King Lear III.ii.1-9)
- Paradise Lost (IV. 222-44)
- Prospero Explains (from The Tempest IV.i.148-63)
- Rain
CINQUAIN
COUPLET
- An Essay on Criticism (Excerpt ll. 362-73)
- Cary/Morison Ode: The Turn 65-74
- Dulness’ Apocalypse (The Dunciad 4.627-56)
- Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to his Royal Highness
- Metrical Feet: Lesson for a Boy
- Rhyme for a Child Viewing a Naked Venus in a Painting of “The Judgment of Paris”
- The Span of Life
- The Wood Pile
OCTAVE
ODE
QUATRAIN
- A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
- Ah! Sun-flower
- Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher
- Eternity
- from In Memoriam; section 7
- Heaven-Haven: A Nun Takes the Veil
- Here Dead Lie We
- I Look Into My Glass
- In Tenebris
- Jabberwocky
- On His Blindness
- On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet
- Piano
- Roses Are Red
- She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
- Thaw
- The Balloon of the Mind
- The Lowest Place
- The Sick Rose
- The Tyger
- The Voice
- Westron Wynde
- When a Man Hath No Freedom
ROUNDEL
SIXAIN
- A Musical Instrument
- Life of Life (from Prometheus Unbound II.v.48-71)
- Meeting at Night
- My Sweetest Lesbia
- Snow-Flakes
- The Night is Freezing Fast
SONG
SONNET
- Amoretti 75
- Anthem for Doomed Youth
- Astrophil and Stella: 31
- Bright Star
- God’s Grandeur
- Holy Sonnet 1
- Holy Sonnet 14
- It Is Fashionable Now
- Mowing
- Ozymandias
- Renouncement
- Since There’s No Help
- Sonnet 18
- Sonnet 29
- Sonnet 73
- Sonnets from the Portuguese #7
- The Sonnet
- The Windhover
- To the Reader of these Sonnets
SPENSERIAN STANZA
TERCET
By Author
ANONYMOUS
MATTHEW ARNOLD
WILLIAM BLAKE
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
ROBERT BROWNING
LORD BYRON
THOMAS CAMPION
LEWIS CARROLL
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE
EMILY DICKINSON
JOHN DONNE
MICHAEL DRAYTON
ROBERT FROST
THOMAS HARDY
GEORGE HERBERT
ROBERT HERRICK
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS
A. E. HOUSMAN
SAMUEL JOHNSON
BEN JONSON
JOHN KEATS
WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR
D. H. LAWRENCE
HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW
W.S. MERWIN
ALICE MEYNELL
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY
JOHN MILTON
WILFRED OWEN
DOROTHY PARKER
ALEXANDER POPE
- An Essay on Criticism (Excerpt ll. 362-73)
- Dulness’ Apocalypse (The Dunciad 4.627-56)
- Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to his Royal Highness
WALTER RALEGH
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI
DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
- Chorus (from Henry the Fifth III.i.1-17)
- Juliet’s Soliloquy (from Romeo and Juliet III.ii.1-25)
- Lear on the Heath (from King Lear III.ii.1-9)
- Prospero Explains (from The Tempest IV.i.148-63)
- Sonnet 18
- Sonnet 29
- Sonnet 73
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
- Adonais (Stanzas 54-55)
- Life of Life (from Prometheus Unbound II.v.48-71)
- Mont Blanc ll. 1-11
- Ozymandias
SIR PHILIP SIDNEY
EDMUND SPENSER
ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON
EDWARD THOMAS
EDMUND WALLER
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
- A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
- from The Prelude (I.326-39)
- She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
- The Sonnet